Post by Mea on Jan 7, 2016 5:44:57 GMT
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (as defined by the DSM-V)
A. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both.
Obsessions are defined by (1) and (2) as follows:
Compulsions are defined by (1) and (2) as follows:
Note: Young children may not be able to articulate the aims of these behaviors or mental acts.
B. The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming (e.g. take more than 1 hour per day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
C. The obsessive-compulsive symptoms are not attribute to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g. a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition.
D. The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder (e.g., excessive worries, as in generalized anxiety disorder; etc.)
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (as defined by the DSM-V)
A. Moderate or Greater impairment in personality functioning, manifested by characteristic difficulties in two or more of the following four areas:
B. Three or more of the following four pathological personality traits, one of which must be (1) Rigid perfectionism:
A. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both.
Obsessions are defined by (1) and (2) as follows:
- Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted, and cause marked anxiety and distress
- The person attempts to suppress or ignore such thoughts, impulses, or images or to neutralize them with some other thought or action
Compulsions are defined by (1) and (2) as follows:
- Repetitive behaviors (eg, hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (eg, praying, counting, repeating words silently) in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly
- The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts either are not connected in a way that could realistically neutralize or prevent whatever they are meant to address, or they are clearly excessive.
Note: Young children may not be able to articulate the aims of these behaviors or mental acts.
B. The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming (e.g. take more than 1 hour per day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.
C. The obsessive-compulsive symptoms are not attribute to the physiological effects of a substance (e.g. a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition.
D. The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder (e.g., excessive worries, as in generalized anxiety disorder; etc.)
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (as defined by the DSM-V)
A. Moderate or Greater impairment in personality functioning, manifested by characteristic difficulties in two or more of the following four areas:
- Identity: Sense of self derived predominantly from work or productivity; constricted experience and expression of strong emotions.
- Self-direction: Difficulty completing tasks and realizing goals, associated with rigid and unreasonably high and inflexible internal standards of behavior; overly conscientious and moralistic attitudes.
- Empathy: Difficult understanding and appreciating the ideas, feelings, or behaviors of others.
- Intimacy: Relationships are seen as secondary to work and productivity; rigidity and stubbornness negatively affect relationships with others.
B. Three or more of the following four pathological personality traits, one of which must be (1) Rigid perfectionism:
- Rigid perfectionism (an aspect of extreme Conscientiousness [the opposite pole of Detachment]: Rigid insistence on everything being flawless, perfect, and without errors or faults, including one’s own and others’ performances; sacrificing of timeliness to ensure correctness in every detail; believing that there is only one right way to do things; difficulty changing ideas and/or viewpoint; preoccupation with details, organization, and order.
- Preservation (an aspect of Negative Affectivity): Persistence at tasks long after the behavior has ceased to be functional or effective; continuance of the same behavior despite repeated failures.
- Intimacy avoidance (an aspect of Detachment): Avoidance of close or romantic relationships, interpersonal attachments, and intimate sexual relationships.
- Restricted Affectivity (an aspect of Detachment): Little reaction to emotionally arousing situations; constricted emotional experience and expression; indifference and coldness.
- OCD is an illness with symptoms which change in severity over time, while OCPD reflects an overly rigid personality style that does not change much over a person’s lifetime.
- OCPD is not associated with the obsession and compulsions which are so prominent in OCD. Although people with OCD and OCPD might both carry out repetitive behaviors, the underlying motive is very different. While someone with OCD might repeatedly write out lists or organize items around the home to keep a catastrophe from taking place, someone with OCPD would be more likely to do these activities to increase their efficiency or productivity.
- While people with OCD usually want to get rid of their symptoms, it is not uncommon for people with OCPD do not always realise what they are doing is harmful, simply because it’s a behavior rooted into their personality and therefore does not disrupt their everyday life in such an obvious way.
- In comparison to those with OCD, people with OCPD tend to be more ruled by perfectionism and have a higher need for order and control in both their personal and professional lives. It is not uncommon for individuals with OCPD to become irritated by others who do not value order, perfectionism and exactness to the same extent that they do. Because of this perfectionism, it is not uncommon for people with OCPD to be overly devoted to work.
